/* OpenProcessing Tweak of *@*http://www.openprocessing.org/sketch/25597*@* */
        /* !do not delete the line above, required for linking your tweak if you upload again */
        import shapes3d.utils.*;
        import shapes3d.animation.*;
        import shapes3d.*;

        int enviar=0;

        // Path dependent variables
        I_PathGen[] path;
        int nbrPaths = 1;
        int currPath = 0;
        float[] speedFactor;

        // The tubes
        PathTube atube, wtube;
        int tubeType = 0;
        int nbrTubeTypes = 2;
        final int SLICES = 300, SEGMENTS = 8;

        // The shuttle
        //Toroid train;
        Box[] bcar;
        final int nbrBoxCars = 0;

        // Used for train/car orientation to the tube
        final PVector FORWARD_AXIS = new PVector(0, 1, 0);
        final PVector LEFT_AXIS = new PVector(-1, 0, 0);
        final PVector RIGHT_AXIS = new PVector(0, 0, -1);
        PVector normal, tangent, position;
        PVector camPos, camLookAt, camUp;
        Rot rot;
        float[] ang;

        // SHUTTLE SPEED CONTROL VARIABLES
        float speed = 0.06, pathFactor = 1, elapsed;
        float paraT = 0.5;  // starting position on curve
        float camParaT;
        long st, ct;      // keep track of running time


        void setup() {

          size(1280, 690, P3D);
          // Create the path generator
          //  path = new Tube (this,4,6);
          path = new I_PathGen[nbrPaths];

          // hacer una clase para definir el parámetro 
            path[0] = new Lissajous(1, 1, 1);
          speedFactor = new float[nbrPaths];

          // Create the tube
          atube = new PathTube(this, path[currPath], 40, SLICES, 35, false); 
          atube.drawMode(Shape3D.SOLID);
          atube.visible(false, Shape3D.BOTH_CAP);


          // Create path cage
          wtube = new PathTube(this, path[currPath], 38, (SLICES/2), 8, true);
          wtube.stroke(color(120, 120, 255));
          wtube.strokeWeight(1);
          wtube.drawMode(Shape3D.WIRE); // estructura alámbrica 
          wtube.visible(false, Shape3D.BOTH_CAP);


          // Initialise spacing and speed factors
          float l = atube.length(400); 
          speedFactor[currPath] = 800 / l;

          // Create the box cars
          bcar = new Box[nbrBoxCars];
          for (int i = 0; i < nbrBoxCars; i++) {
            bcar[i] = new Box(this, 0);
          }
          // Initialise times
          st = ct = millis();
        }

        void draw() {
         // scale(10,10,10);
          background(16);
          lights();
          // Used to get frame-rate independent speed
          ct = millis();
          //image(img, 0, 0);
          elapsed = (ct - st)/1000.0;
          st = ct;
          paraT += elapsed * speed * speedFactor[currPath];
          paraT = (paraT > 1) ? paraT-1 : paraT;
          normal = atube.getNormal(paraT);
          tangent = atube.getTangent(paraT);
          position = atube.getPoint(paraT); 

          // Calculate camera position to move with the shuttle
          normal.normalize();
          camUp = PVector.mult(normal, -1);
        println (camLookAt);
          camParaT = paraT - 0.0;
          camParaT = (camParaT > 1) ? camParaT: camParaT;
          camPos = atube.getPoint(camParaT);
          camPos.add(camUp);


          camLookAt = PVector.mult(tangent, 90); 
          camLookAt.add(camPos);

          camera(camPos.x, camPos.y, camPos.z, 
          camLookAt.x, camLookAt.y, camLookAt.z, 
          camUp.x, camUp.y, camUp.z);

          float bparaT = paraT;
          for (int i = 0; i < nbrBoxCars; i++) { 
            bparaT = (bparaT < 0) ? bparaT + 1 : bparaT;
            normal = atube.getNormal(bparaT);
            position = atube.getPoint(bparaT);
            rot = new Rot(FORWARD_AXIS, RIGHT_AXIS, tangent, normal);
            ang = rot.getAngles(RotOrder.XYZ);
            bcar[i].moveTo(position);
            bcar[i].rotateTo(ang);
            bcar[i].draw();
          }
          wtube.draw();
          atube.draw();
        }

        void keyReleased() {
          // Adjust speed
          if (key >= '0' && key <= '9') {
            speed = (key - 48) / 50.0;
          }
        }

camX = map(m, 0, width,-200,200);
camY = map(k, 0, width,-200,200);
camZ = map(n, 0, width,-200,200);   
camera(-camY+300,0,-camY+200,-camZ,camX,0,0,-1,0)
fill (0,0,255);
box(150);

t1 =  0.7
aZ = accelerationZ;
S1 = Vox*t1 + (aZ*t1*t1)/2;
if (aZ>-0.2 && aZ<0.2) {Vox = 0}
else {Vox = Vox + aZ*t1;}
k = k + S1;
S1 = 0;

I need to do it more realistic. Could you help me?

I'm having big problems to understand the maths behind camera rotation for short animations of terrain or planet flight by (like a kind of spatial vessel)

Following Daniel Shifman's lessons about vector I use vectors for position, velocity, acceleration and lookAt (and later implement applyForce to velocity to create some nice camera movements) I use the Processing camera() method

It's very basic but it works, except concerning rotations. I want my camera to rotate on Z axis and I really don't know how to do. It's not as simple as calling rotateZ(rad_angle)

I don't rotate on X or Y axis because I presume I should be able to achieve rotations by computing a new lookAt vector correctly.

Is the solution to play_with/compute/tweak the up vector ? And how ? I'm totally at loss...

Note : I've digged into quesycam, peasycam, OCD but that not helped me that much - and frankly I really want to code my own Camera class from a learning point of view.

Note 2 : sorry if this post is not very clear, that's very hard to formulate questions about a confusing subject ;-)

This program should allow the user move to the cube and away from it. But when I, for example, move to the cube at first it approximation and then it becomes small like it was in the beginning. I though that it was so because of the acceleration, but I can not find the solution

the final program should imitate the movement. that is why I use formulas

void updateCamera(){

    this.horizontalAngle += (mouseX - pmouseX)/100f;
    this.verticalAngle -= (mouseY - pmouseY)/100f;

    if(this.verticalAngle < -PI+0.1)
      this.verticalAngle = -PI+0.1;
    if(this.verticalAngle > 0)
      this.verticalAngle = 0;

    centerX = this.pos.x + cos(horizontalAngle) * sin(verticalAngle);
    centerY = this.pos.y + sin(horizontalAngle) * sin(verticalAngle);
    centerZ = this.pos.z + cos(verticalAngle);

    camera(this.pos.x, this.pos.y, this.pos.z, this.centerX, this.centerY, this.centerZ, 0, 0, -1);

}

I tried the robot class with robot.mouseMove(); to set the mouse to center every time i move it, but in this way my camera gets locked. Suggestions? Thank you!

Im pretty new to software coding (even tho i come from PLC programming) i ran into a problem using a simple if function. This code creates a mesh out of boxes and you can move through it with your keys W and S. I wanted to loop the cameraposition somewhere around camZ=9000 using a the If in line 29 but it just wont work and i dont know why. It is supposed to substract one box size, once the camZ value goes over the bounce value. Can someone explain why it doesnt work?

Here is my code:

void setup() {

  fullScreen(P3D);

  translate(width/2, height/1, 0);
  stroke(255);
  noFill();
}

int size = 14;
int boxes = 1000;
float camX = boxes*size/2;
float camY = boxes*size/2*-1;
float camZ = boxes*size/30*-1;
float camM = 0;
float loopval = 9000.0;

void draw() {

  int size = 14;
  int boxes = 1000;
  float camP = camM+camZ;
  println(camP);
  println(frameRate);
  background(120);

  if (camZ > loopval) {
    camZ = loopval - boxes*3;
  } else {
  }

  if (keyPressed) {
    if (key == 'w' || key == 'W') {
      camM = camM-50;
    }
  } 

  if (keyPressed) {
    if (key == 's' || key == 'S') {
      camM = camM+50;
    }
  }

  camera(camX, camY, camZ+camM, // eyeX, eyeY, eyeZ
    camX, camY, 0.0, // centerX, centerY, centerZ
    0.0, 1.0, 0.0); // upX, upY, upZ

  for (int i3 = 0; i3 < size; i3 = i3+1) 
  {
    for (int i2 = 0; i2 < size; i2 = i2+1) //Y row
    {
      for (int i = 0; i < size; i=i+1) //X row
      {
        box(boxes);
        translate(boxes, 0, 0); //X
      }
      translate(boxes*size*-1, 0, boxes); //Y
    }
    translate(0, boxes*-1, boxes*size*-1); //Z
  }
}

Iv'e been trying to get a first person camera up and running. Walk with WASD and click and hold mouse to steer direction. Ive setup a "room" with some paintings. When you first start to walk its seems okay. But try walk close to a painting and the stand still and rotate the camera. What should happen: You turn around and can see the other paintings further away. What happens: The "room" rotates instead of the camera turning. It's easier to understand if you walk backwards, out of the "room" and rotate with the mouse. Youll then see how the room rotates like a carousel, instead of the camera turning away from the room. Run it here: https://maximilian-r.github.io/first-person-camera/ . The goal is to create an interactive 3D-presentation for my final essay in school. The paintings will be switched to powerpoint-slide images later on.

Sketch and camera script available here: https://github.com/Maximilian-R/first-person-camera

Ive spent tens of hours trying to solve this. I did try another alternativte to skip the p5 camera function, and instead translate all the paintings I draw according to how I "walk". It worked better, as you turned the camera you turned around and saw the other paintings further away. However, it felt like the camera position was too far ahead and you didnt walk in the direction you was looking with forward "W".

Any ideas?

https://www.openprocessing.org/sketch/442987

I am thinking perhaps I need to update the clipping planes when the camera moves?

camera(eye.x,eye.y,eye.z,focus.x,focus.y,focus.z,0,0,-1);
scale(zoom);

Thank you :)

I am currently working on a side project and I was playing with the box() object.

When I tweak the z parameter, both ends are affected.

Can I make it that only the top end is affected by the z parameter?

Thanks!

pattern:
t = createGraphics(size and stuff)
<fill it with a TRIANGLE_STRIP surface>
draw() {
  camera( changing parameters go here )
  image( t,  more_parameters)
}

What I expected was the image to show a rotating object as the camera is changed.

What happens: I just the very first image perpetually, then nothing changes.

If instead I put the creation and triangle_strip drawing into the draw loop so it is redrawn every time then I get what I expect to see but of course I'm having to recreate the 3D object every time.

Regression: My wild guess here is that calling Image is forcing some delayed lazy rendering of the graphics, and then subsequent calls do not re-render the image even if the graphics was rotated. Somehow this would seem like a lousy behaviour so I'm sort of doubting this theory. But I can't think of another one

I've tried using the following two commands to see based on the guess that I might be able to reset some lazy image creation flag to it wold recreate the image but these did not work-- get errors:

//t.Image.setLoaded(false);
//t.updatePixels() ;

So Maybe that guess is incorrect.

But if this sticky on-time rendering hypothesis. correct then maybe a solution would be to copy the graphics object before I display it so I can keep an unrendered copy.

if so then the problem becomes:

**Problem: ** how to duplicate a 3D PGraphics Object.

Note: this is 3D not 2D, so it's not the same as simply copying the pixels from one image to another.

I've looked up moveEye examples and believe it is not what I am looking for. I was just wondering if anyone could direct me towards a resource, a library or generously throw some code at me.

Much appreciated.

Here's the problem: I've got a 3D vector. I'd simply like to rotate the system to align an axis (the z axis for instance) with my vector. I've tried to do it with rotateX() and rotateY() but it didn't work. That would be pretty easy if, like with the camera() function, you'd be able to just set the direction to face. I was looking for a function that would do the job, but I didn't find anything (did I miss it?).

Thank you for your help!

I'm working with a P3D render and having trouble to compute the actual width which will fit in my monitor on a given plane (the monitor/screen plane) perpendicular to the camera axis, when I get closer or further away from that plane, moving the camera through the perpendicular axis.

(https://forum.processing.org/two/uploads/imageupload/507/2HZHUOVM4KRL.png "Problem Description")

Considering the code I created below to illustrate my problem (Java class), I would like to print the rectangle always coinciding with the border of the screen, but on the z=0 plane, no matter what my "eye" variable value is (as far as it is positive).

import processing.core.PApplet;
import processing.core.PConstants;

public class CameraTest extends PApplet {

    private static final int CAMERA_EYE = 900;

    //camera distance from the x,y plane, over z axis
    private float eye = CAMERA_EYE; 

    public void setup() {
        super.frameRate(30);
        super.background(0xFFFFFFFF);
    }

    public void settings() {
        super.fullScreen(PConstants.P3D);
    }

    public void draw() {
        super.background(0xFFFFFFFF);
        //adjusting camera
        super.beginCamera();
        super.camera(
                super.displayWidth/2, super.displayHeight/2, this.eye, //eye in middle of the screen, custom distance
                super.displayWidth/2, super.displayHeight/2, 0, //scene center at middle of the screen, in xy plane (z = 0)
                0, 1, 0); //camera up side on y axis
        super.endCamera();

        //drawing the monitor borders, using 3D lines (z = 0)
        super.stroke(0xFFFF0000);
        super.strokeWeight(4);
        //upper line
        super.line(0, 0, 0, super.displayWidth, 0, 0);
        //botton line
        super.line(0, super.displayHeight, 0, super.displayWidth, super.displayHeight, 0);
        //left line
        super.line(0, 0, 0, 0, super.displayHeight, 0);
        //right line
        super.line(super.displayWidth, 0, 0, super.displayWidth, super.displayHeight, 0);

        //printing eye value in the middle of screen
        super.fill(0xFF000000);
        super.textMode(PApplet.CENTER);
        super.text("Distance: " + this.eye, super.displayWidth/2, super.displayHeight/2, 
                this.eye - 660); //keeping distance from camera always the same.

    }

    public void keyPressed() {
        if (super.key == PApplet.CODED) {
            switch (super.keyCode) {
            case PApplet.UP:
                //move camera closer to the display plane
                this.eye -= 10;
                if (this.eye < 10) {
                    this.eye = 10;
                }
                break;
            case PApplet.DOWN:
                //move camera away from the display plane
                this.eye += 10;
                break;
            }
        } else if (super.key == 'r') {
            //reset camera position
            this.eye = CAMERA_EYE;
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PApplet.main(CameraTest.class.getName()); 
    }

}

I imagine that I would need to find out the camera angle of view and/or focal length to do that. Am I right? Any hints on how can I do it? Couldn't find these information yet googling...

Usage: Arrow Up: get closer to the z=0 axis; Arrow Down: get further from the z=0 axis; r: resets the camera's position.

Crossed fingers! Thank you!

Would any of you know how comparable the camera() function in processing matches to the one in After effects position wise?

Here's what i've got so far:

Ball[] balls;
int numBalls = 0;
Ball b;
boolean isPressed = false;

void setup() {
  size (800, 800, P3D);
  smooth();
  //camera(width/2.0, height/2.0, (height/2.0) / tan(PI*30.0 / 180.0), width/2.0, height/2.0, 0, 0, 1, 0);
  background (0);
  balls = new Ball[300];
}

void draw (){
  noStroke();
  fill (0);
  rect(0, 0, width, height);
  if (mousePressed){

    //println(isPressed, numBalls);
    if(isPressed == false && numBalls < 300){
      println("cria bola");
      b = new Ball(mouseX, mouseY, 200.0);
      balls[numBalls] = b;
      numBalls++;
      isPressed = true;
    }

  }else{
   isPressed = false; 
  }
  println("NUMBALLS:", numBalls);
  for( int i = 0; i<numBalls; i++){
    //println(">", i,  balls[i]);
     balls[i].update();
  }

 for( int i = 0; i<numBalls; i++){
     balls[i].draw();
  }


}


public class Ball {

  PVector location;
  PVector velocity;
  PVector acceleration;
  PVector gravity;
  PVector lance;
  float friction ;
  int depth;


  Ball(float x, float y, float z) {

    location = new PVector (x, y, z);
    lance = new PVector (0, -20, -15);
    velocity = new PVector(0, 0, 0);
    //println("created:", location.x, location.y);
  }
  void update(){
    //println(location.x,location.y,location.z, this);
    velocity.add(lance);
    lance = new PVector(0, 0, 0);

    if ((location.z < 10)) {
    friction = 0.76;
    gravity = new PVector(0, 0, 0);
    } else {
    friction = 1.0;
    gravity = new PVector(0, 0.98, 0);
    }


    depth = 800;
    smooth();
    //gravity = new PVector(0, 0.98, 0);
    //location = new PVector(width/2, height/2, -3000);
    //velocity = new PVector(0, 10, -20);
    //lance = new PVector(0, 0, 0);
    //friction = 1.0; //0.98;  

    velocity.add(gravity);
    velocity.mult(friction);
    location.add(velocity);

  }
  void draw(){
    pushMatrix();
    //println("draw", this);
    noStroke();
    fill(255);
    lights();
    translate(location.x, location.y, location.z);
    sphere(35);
    popMatrix();
  }
}

(I' want to make something like this picture, by making random forces in the lances. )

Thank you so much

Check it out:

color myWhite = 250;
color myBlack = 13;
int centerX = 440;
int centerY = 220;

float angle=-90;

void setup(){
  size(880,440,P3D);
  background(myBlack);
  stroke(myWhite);
  strokeWeight(1);
  noFill();
}

void draw(){
  background(myBlack);
  pushMatrix();
  translate(centerX, centerY, 0); 
  rotateY(radians(angle));
  ellipse(0,0,200,200);
  popMatrix();

  angle+=2; // speed
  if (angle>=360) {
    angle=0; // keep in degree
  }

  line(centerX, 0, centerX, 440);
  line(0, centerY, 880, centerY);
  line(centerX-100, 0, centerX-100, 880);
  line(centerX+100, 0, centerX+100, 880);
}

As you can see, the top and bottom part of the circle are not cut by the central guideline simmetrically.

What I'm doing wrong?

P.S. I've taken the rotation code from here (thanks @Chrisir).

I would like to colorize faces depending on how well aligned they are to the camera. Something like this:

intensity = max(0.0, dot(camNormal, vertNormal));

I should pass camNormal and vertNormal from the vertex shader to the fragment shader. My problem is, I don't know how to calculate the "camNormal" (the direction in which the camera is pointing).

In @codeanticode's blog I see that both modelview and normalMatrix should include in some way the camera information, but I don't know how to get it out of those matrices. Does someone know?

Thanks!

Snake[] snakes = new Snake[0];

void setup() {

  background(0);
  size(1200, 600,P3D);

  smooth();
      for (int k = 0; k < 10; k++){
         snakes = (Snake[]) append(snakes, new Snake(width/2, height/2, 15, random(100), 1));
      }
}
void draw() {

  for(int i = 0; i < snakes.length; i++) {
    if(!snakes[i].done()){
    snakes[i].go();
    stroke(random(255), 0, 0, 50);}
  }



}





class Snake {

  float X;
  float Y;
  float rot;
  float V;
  float tm;
  int fm;

  Snake(int tX, int tY, float tfm, float trot, float tV) {
    X = tX;
    Y = tY;
    rot = trot;
    tm = tfm;
    V = tV;
  }

  void go() {
    V += random(-0.01, 0.01);
    tm /= 1.01;
    strokeWeight(tm);
    rot += random(-0.2, 0.2);
    line( X,Y, X + V*sin(rot), Y + V*cos(rot));
    line(X, Y, X + V*sin(rot), Y + V*cos(rot));
    X += V*sin(rot);
    Y += V*cos(rot);

    fm++;
    if(random(400) > 398.5-(fm/20)) {
      snakes = (Snake[]) append(snakes, new Snake(int(X), int(Y), tm, rot + random(-0.2, 0.2), V));

    }
  }
  boolean done() {
    if(tm < 0.01) {
      return true;
    }else{
      return false;
    }
  }
}

I'm getting foiled by P3D and translating/rotating and how they work with camera(), but I'm learning a bit about how they work. So far I've learned that calling camera() with the specified values AFTER using translate/rotate earlier in the program causes undesirable results, I'm guessing because once compiled it is run first as actual translate/rotate. This can get messy when trying to take snapshots of a 3D scene. I've since started looking into beginCamera() and endCamera(), and boy are those interesting. One thing that I've learned about the camera using beginCamera() and endCamera() is that changes to the camera (matrix?) are ADDED instead of set. This is fine, but I'm still finding that the changes to the camera aren't happening when the changes are called. I've created this little sketch to try and showcase my headache, comment in and out each box(150) to see different results:

void setup(){
  size(500,500,P3D);
}
void draw(){
  background(0);
  stroke(150);
  noFill();

  sphere(60);
  line(0,0,0,0,-100,0);

  //box(150);          //Enable/disable these one by one

  beginCamera();
  camera();
  translate(width/2,height/2);
  endCamera();

  box(150);          //Enable/disable these one by one

  beginCamera();
  rotateX(radians(mouseX));
  rotateY(radians(45));
  endCamera();

  //box(150);          //Enable/disable these one by one
  box(20);
  line(0,0,0,0,-100,0);
}

I'm wondering if anyone has a better explanation (through code examples preferably) regarding rotating and translating within a 3D space, and how the camera function alters the prior translates and rotates. I have some experience with using push/popMatrix() and translate/rotate in 2D land, but I'm not sure how push/popMatrix() affect the camera matrix, and finally how this all plays with the main window pixels.

Finally, I will talk briefly about what I'm actually trying to do. I'm using processing to create a 3D robot simulation environment (for line following algorithm testing) and I would like this sketch to output a 2D image of the robot's perspective. The problem I am running into is when I call translate/rotate to move about the scene and place the robot/floor etc, I still have to call camera() with the appropriate values given to me by the position of the robot to look at the world from the perspective of the robot. I was having lots of trouble doing it this way when I realized that camera() stuff must be done first before moving about and drawing. The way that I was trying to grab the 2D image was by reorienting the camera to the desired position, grabbing the window pixels and giving them to a PImage, then reorienting the camera to a top-down perspective. The problem with this was the the Image only showed the final position of the camera, not any of the intermediary steps. Here's the actual sketch that I'm working on, comment in/out the image at the end of main to see what the current image output would be (use arrow keys to drive around)(I attached TestCourseLine.png I think):

//  Simulation environment for testing line following

int windowWidth = 1000;
int windowHeight = 700;

PImage course;
PImage robotCam;
PImage roomCam;
int robotCamWidth = 600;
int robotCamHeight = 400;
int window[][];
int robotCamArray[][];

//Camera (independent of translations)
float cameraX = 500;
float cameraY = 350;
float cameraZ = 606;
float cameraCenterX = 500;
float cameraCenterY = 350;
float cameraCenterZ = 0;
float targetDistance = 0;

int robotStep = 5;
float robotTurn = .1;

//Robot Position/orientation relative to center origin
float robotX = -170;
float robotY = 290;
float robotZ = 25;
float robotRotZ = 4.7;

//RobotCam position/orientation relative to robot
int robotCamX = 20;
int robotCamY = 0;
int robotCamZ = 30;
float robotCamRotX = 0;
float robotCamRotZ = 0;
float robotCamRotY = 0.4;

boolean adjustRobotCam = false;
boolean moveRobot = true;
boolean adjustWindowCam = false;

boolean chaseCam = false;

void setup(){

  size(windowWidth,windowHeight,P3D);

  frameRate(10);

  window = new int[windowWidth][windowHeight];
  robotCamArray = new int[robotCamWidth][robotCamHeight];

  course = loadImage("TestCourseLine.png");

  robotCam = createImage(robotCamWidth,robotCamHeight, RGB);

}
void draw(){

  pushMatrix();
 //Move the window camera to the robot's camera (Must be done before other translations/rotates)
  cameraX = cos(robotCamRotZ+robotRotZ)*0+(robotX+width/2);
  cameraY = sin(robotCamRotZ+robotRotZ)*0+(robotY+height/2);
  cameraZ = robotCamZ+robotZ;
  targetDistance = (robotZ+robotCamZ)/sin(robotCamRotY);
  cameraCenterX = cos(robotCamRotZ+robotRotZ)*targetDistance+(robotX+width/2);
  cameraCenterY = sin(robotCamRotZ+robotRotZ)*targetDistance+(robotY+height/2);
  camera(cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ, cameraCenterX, cameraCenterY, cameraCenterZ, 0,0,-1);



  background(0);

  fill(100);
  stroke(200);
  noFill();

  pushMatrix();
  //Center origin to scene
  translate(width/2,height/2);

  box(500);

  //Create Floor
  beginShape();
  texture(course);
  vertex(-250,-250,0,0,0);
  vertex(250,-250,0,500,0);
  vertex(250,250,0,500,500);
  vertex(-250,250,0,0,500);
  endShape(CLOSE);

  //Draw Robot and camera
  pushMatrix();
  translate(robotX, robotY, robotZ);
  rotateZ(robotRotZ);
  box(50);
  //line(0,0,0,100,0,0);
  translate(robotCamX,robotCamY,robotCamZ);
  rotateX(robotCamRotX);
  rotateZ(robotCamRotZ);
  rotateY(robotCamRotY);
  fill(100);
  box(20);
  line(0,0,0,30,0,0);
  popMatrix();

  //Load the pixels of the last camera perspective and the new image
  loadPixels();
  robotCam.loadPixels();

  //Load the window pixels into an array for easy access
  for (int i = 0; i < pixels.length; i++){
    window[i-((i/windowWidth)*windowWidth)][i/windowWidth] = int(brightness(pixels[i]));
  }

  //Give the new image the pixel data from the last camera perspective
  for (int y = 0; y < robotCamHeight; y++){
    for (int x = 0; x < robotCamWidth; x++){
      robotCamArray[x][y] = window[x+(windowWidth-robotCamWidth)/2][y+(windowHeight-robotCamHeight)];
    }
  }

  //Load the robotCamArray data into robotCam pixels
  for (int i = 0; i < robotCam.pixels.length; i++){
    robotCam.pixels[i] = color(robotCamArray[i-((i/robotCamWidth)*robotCamWidth)][i/robotCamWidth]);
  }
  updatePixels();
  robotCam.updatePixels();
  popMatrix();
  //popMatrix();



  popMatrix();

  //background(0);

  translate(width/2,height/2,100);

  //image(robotCam,-robotCamWidth/2,-robotCamHeight/2,robotCamWidth,robotCamHeight);


}

void keyPressed(){

  if (key == 'm'){
    moveRobot = true;
    adjustRobotCam = false;
    adjustWindowCam = false;
  } else if (key == 'c'){
    moveRobot = false;
    adjustRobotCam = true;
    adjustWindowCam = false;
  } else if (key == 'w'){
    adjustWindowCam = true;
    moveRobot = false;
    adjustRobotCam = false;
  }

  if (moveRobot == true){
    if (key == CODED){
      switch(keyCode){
        case UP:
          robotX += cos(robotRotZ)*robotStep;
          robotY += sin(robotRotZ)*robotStep;
          break;
        case DOWN:
          robotX += cos(robotRotZ)*-robotStep;
          robotY += sin(robotRotZ)*-robotStep;
          break;
        case LEFT:
          robotRotZ -= robotTurn;
          break;
        case RIGHT:
          robotRotZ += robotTurn;
          break;
      }
    }
  } else if (adjustRobotCam == true){
    if (key == CODED){
      switch(keyCode){
        case UP:
          robotCamRotY -= robotTurn;
          break;
        case DOWN:
          robotCamRotY += robotTurn;
          break;
        case LEFT:
          robotCamRotZ -= robotTurn;
          break;
        case RIGHT:
          robotCamRotZ += robotTurn;
          break;
      }
    }
  } else if (adjustWindowCam == true){
    if (key == CODED){
      switch(keyCode){
        case UP:
          //camera -= robotTurn;
          break;
        case DOWN:
          robotCamRotY += robotTurn;
          break;
        case LEFT:
          robotCamRotZ -= robotTurn;
          break;
        case RIGHT:
          robotCamRotZ += robotTurn;
          break;
      }
    }
  }
}

trying to create my own class for spherical movement of camera (based on mouse movement), i am experiencing a problem setting the up vector for the camera: when scrolling the camera on the up and down the matrix (x and y) seem to flip.

don't seem to have this problem with the horizontal scroll.

help anyone?

thanks

float camX, camY, camZ;
float camRad = width*20;
float camTheta, camPhi;
float camDragX, camDragY;
float newCamX = 50;
float newCamY = 600;
boolean moveCam = false;
PVector up;

void cam() {                                                                                            //camera
  camPhi   = map(newCamX, 0, width, PI, -PI);                              //phi is the horizontal angle 0-2PI    
  camTheta = map(newCamY, 0, height, HALF_PI, -HALF_PI);        //theta is the vertical angle 0-PI
  up    = new PVector (sin(camPhi), cos(camPhi));


  camX = camRad*sin(camTheta)*sin(camPhi);
  camY = camRad*sin(camTheta)*cos(camPhi);  
  camZ = camRad*cos(camTheta);

  camera(camX, camY, camZ, 0, 0, 0, up.x, up.y, up.z);
}

void mousePressed() {
  if (mouseButton == RIGHT) {
    camDragX = mouseX - newCamX;
    camDragY = mouseY - newCamY;
    moveCam = true;
  }
}

void mouseDragged() {
  if (mouseButton == RIGHT) {
    if (moveCam) {
      newCamX = mouseX - camDragX;
      newCamY = mouseY - camDragY;
    }
  }
}

void mouseReleased() {
  moveCam = false;
}

void mouseWheel(MouseEvent event) {
  float zoom = event.getCount();
  zoom = zoom*50;
  camRad += zoom;
}

void setup () {
  size (500, 500, P3D);
  colorMode(HSB, 360, 1, 1, 1);  
}


void draw() {
  background (0, 0, 1);  
  drawAxis();
  cam();
  fill(1,0,0);
  ellipse (width/2, height/2, 250, 250);
}

void drawAxis() {
  stroke (0, 1, 1);
  line (0, 0, 0, 1000, 0, 0);
  stroke (90, 1, 1);
  line (0, 0, 0, 0, 1000, 0);
  stroke (210, 1, 1);
  line (0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1000);
  noStroke();
}

int sketch_width=600;
int sketch_height=400;

void setup() {
  size(sketch_width, sketch_height, P3D);
}

void draw() {
  background(100);
  lights();

  float near = 0.1;
  float far = 1000.0;
  float fov = tan( 120 *(PI / 360));
  float ratio = sketch_width / sketch_height;
  float mouse_X;
  float mouse_Y;
  float dis = -200;

mouse_X = ((mouseX/2) / 950.0 * 2.0) - 1.0;
  mouse_Y = ((500.0 - (mouseY/2)) / 500.0 * 2.0) - 1.0;
  mouse_X *= 0.5;
  mouse_Y *= 0.25;

  frustum(near*(-fov * ratio + mouse_X),
               near*(fov * ratio + mouse_X),
               near*(-fov + mouse_Y),
               near*(fov + mouse_Y),
               near, far);



camera( mouse_X * dis, mouse_Y * dis, 0, mouse_X * dis, mouse_Y * dis, -1, 0, 1, 0);
   translate( 0.0, 0.0, dis);

  println(mouseX);


  translate(0,0,0);
  box(50);

}

I created a simple recursive tree using a proto-L-System and I'd like for the recursion to stop if it goes out of the box I've drawn. However, because of all the translations, I'm confused as to how this can be achieved.

I'd be very grateful if someone can point me in the right direction.

Many Thanks, Charles

// A simple recursive tree using a proto-L-System

import processing.opengl.*;
Branch axiom;
PVector cameraPos = new PVector(600, -100, 600);

void setup()
{
  size(800, 800, OPENGL);
  axiom = new Branch();
}
void draw()
{

  background(0);
  stroke(192);
  fill(255);
  translate(width/2, height);
  rotateY(frameCount*0.01);
  axiom.draw();
  if (frameCount % 50 == 0) {
    axiom.replace(0);
  }
  translate(0, height*-0.5);
  noFill();
  box(400, 600, 400);

  camera(cameraPos.x, cameraPos.y, cameraPos.z, width/2, height*0.5, 0, 0, 1, 0);
}
void mousePressed()
{
  axiom = new Branch();
}

class Branch
{
  PMatrix3D joint;
  Branch child_a;
  Branch child_b;
  Branch()
  {
    joint = new PMatrix3D();
    child_a = null;
    child_b = null;
  }
  void replace(int depth)
  {
    // still need to prevent infinite recursion:
    if (depth > 16) {
      return;
    }
    // note: grow children before yourself
    if (child_a != null) {
      child_a.replace(depth+1);
    }
    if (child_b != null) {
      child_b.replace(depth+1);
    }
    // now I grow myself
    rule();
  }
  void rule()
  {
    // rule: grow offshoot branches
    // B -> B (+B) (-B)
    if (child_a == null) {
      // main stem -- almost straight
      child_a = new Branch();
      child_a.joint.rotateY(random(0, PI));
      child_a.joint.rotateX(random(-PI/16, PI/16));
    }
    if (child_b == null) {
      // branching off
      child_b = new Branch();
      child_b.joint.rotateY(random(0, PI));
      child_b.joint.rotateX(random(-PI/4, PI/4));
    }
  }
  void draw()
  {
    applyMatrix(joint);
    pushMatrix();
    {
      translate(0, -height/8, 0);
      box(10, height/4, 10);
    }
    popMatrix();
    pushMatrix();
    {
      translate(0, -height/4, 0);
      scale(0.7);
      if (child_a != null) {
        child_a.draw();
      }
    }
    popMatrix();
    pushMatrix();
    {
      translate(0, -height/4, 0);
      scale(0.7);
      if (child_b != null) {
        child_b.draw();
      }
    }
    popMatrix();
  }
}

Thank you.

how come?

Below is the code.

If I comment out the perspective statement it works as expected drawing the overlay 2D rectangle in the upper left corner. If I leave in the perspective statement the rectangle is drawn inset from the corner by quite a bit. I have tried putting the originalMatrix assignment either before or after the perspective statement to no effect.

// comment
float fov =  (float) PI/2.5f; // lens focal length or something like that

PMatrix originalMatrix; 

public void setup() {
    size(900,600, P3D);
    originalMatrix = (PMatrix) getMatrix();
    float cameraZ= (height/2.0f) / tan(fov/2.0f); // sets clipping plane
    perspective(fov, width*1.0f/height, 
    cameraZ/1000.0f, cameraZ*10.0f);  // near clipping plane smaller than normal

    //originalMatrix = (PMatrix) getMatrix();  // optional 
}

public void display() {

camera(   // set some camera angle-- doesn't seem to matter to the issue
    0f, -800f, 0f,
    2 + 0.05f * ts.x, ts.y, 2 + 0.05f * ts.z,// 2f,-100f,2f,
    0f, 1f, 0f);

    //  ****  (omitted)  DRAW SOME 3D stuff here ******

    // here I add the HUD which in this case is just a square drawn in the upper left corner.
    hint(DISABLE_DEPTH_TEST);
    pushMatrix();
    resetMatrix();
    applyMatrix(originalMatrix);

    fill(100,0,0,100);
    rect(0,0,100,100);
    popMatrix();
    hint(ENABLE_DEPTH_TEST);
}

Let's say that the following is my phone's screen with a coordinate plane drawn on it with the origin being in the center.

In the past, the contents of the app would load properly, but now, the contents of the first quadrant are being pushed in to the third quadrant and the contents of the other three quadrants are not visible, so the app now looks like this.

Here is the code from the draw() function that I believe may be the culprit, but do not know how to modify to resolve the issue:

 background(0);
 ortho(0, width, 0, height, -100, 100);
 camera(width / 2, height / 2, 10, width / 2, height / 2, 0, 0, 0.1, 0);

The code for setting the sketch size in the setup() function is nothing more than 'fullScreen(P3D)'.