Quote:

Yes, we can.

You compute the y coordinates corresponding to the x values of a given range.
You transform arbitrary ranges (input and output) to sketch coordinates (width, height).
You draw lines from a previous (x, y) point to the next one.

OK, here is a simple quick example to get you started:
Code:

void setup()
{
  size(640, 480);
  background(255);
  stroke(#000055);
  noLoop(); // Just draw once and stop
}

void draw()
{
  int prevX = -1, prevY = -1;
  for (int posX = 0; posX < width; posX++)
  {
    // The x coordinate in the math world
    float x = map(posX, 0, width, -5.0, +5.0);
    // The corresponding y coordinate, using the function of your choice
    float y = sin(x);
    // Map back to sketch world
    int posY = (int) map(y, -1.0, +1.0, 0, height);
    if (prevX >= 0)
    {
	line(prevX, prevY, posX, posY);
    }
    prevX = posX;
    prevY = posY;
  }
}
 

If that's for homework, try and understand it (ask if you have doubts) instead of regurgitating it as is.
Exercise: put margins around the graph, add axes, etc.