Disclaimer: I am not a database specialist!
But I believe, and saw some advices along these lines, that you should not use a database to store big blobs of binary data.
At least, I see no advantage of doing that over storing the files on the filesystem, either with flat storage (all files in the same folder, using the names, for example, to pick the coordinates) or with a more or less complex system of folders (eg. splitting the area with a grid, grouping images of a given grid cell in a folder).
Now, perhaps I just misinterpreted your request. I am not too sure of the place of the database in your plans.
If I understand correctly, you plan to query Web sites for providing satellite images and to save them for further processing. There are various ways to do that, using Java's network capabilities, using a scripting language, using
cURL to get the images, etc.
Likewise, having not Photoshop, I would use ImageMagick to process the photos, it would probably have less overhead.
These are just generic advices, not knowing exactly your needs. I hope that helps a little.
[EDIT] Funnily I just found an interesting debate on using DB to store images or not: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3748/storing-images-in-db-yea-or-nay
Looks like there is a large consensus against... (but the pros are interesting).