Why do you need an high frame rate if that's for exporting? Usually, the export is processed separately, eg. making a movie out of it.
In your case, unless you make a virtual disk, you will be limited in speed by the disk performances.

In general, we save lot of frames to make a movie or something out of these files later. That's what I meant by "processed separately".
Such sketch doesn't need to run in real time. In general, people separate "real time animation" which must be unbound by I/O processes like saving to disk (or loading from disk) and "generating data" which is almost a batch job, sometime even done without display on screen.

I believe, unless any of your animation is based on millis(), it will always be the same relative to the frame rate. If you are rendering still frames for compilation after the sketch has run, the sketch frame rate makes no difference.

Say you have a circle that starts on the left of the window and moves one tenth of the screen width every frame:

float x = 0;
...
void draw() {
      x += .1*width;
      ellipse(x, height/2, 100, 100);
}

If you save ten frames from this sketch, you'll have still frames that, when strung together, produce an animation of the circle moving once across the screen. In the video editing software you use to create a video from an image sequence, if you set the frame rate to 30fps this animation will play in a third of a second (10frames / 30fps = .333). Likewise, if you set the rate at 60fps in your editing software the animation will only take a sixth of a second.

The frame rate in Processing makes no difference in this situation. Each frame can take an hour or a hundredth of a second to render and save. I'm pretty sure most TVs, online services, and codecs don't support such high frame rates though.