This thread might help.
https://forum.processing.org/topic/sound-libraries

I think the short answer is no, from what I've read so far. Minim apparently uses JavaSound, which is not implemented fully on Android.

If you want to do real time synthesis look into using libpd. It's pretty much the holy grail of real time audio on Android as far as I'm concerned. I used it to make a Continuum-like synth and it worked fine with some of the lowest latency I've dealt with. If you're any good at PureData there's pretty much no limit to what you can do after that, from basic synths to physical modelling, generative audio, formant synthesis... etc (you'll have to forgive me, I'm a music tech geek so that's all I can think about :p).

For just playing sounds, you should try to use SoundPool, it's really good.

Hmm. Make sure you set the sample rate/block size as low as possible to get a low latency, although I assume it won't work the same on different OS versions, and I've only tested it on Android 3.2. Unfortunately, Android devices have an in-built latency that you simply cannot circumvent atm.